Verónica Frisancho, Kala Krishna, Sergey Lychagin, Cemile YavasAndreas. 2013. Better luck next time: Learning through retaking. Working Paper 19663. National Bureau of Economic Research
Abstract: In this paper we provide some evidence that repeat taking of competitive exams may reduce the impact of background disadvantages on educational outcomes. Using administrative data on the university entrance exam in Turkey we estimate cumulative learning between the first and the nth attempt while controlling for selection into retaking in terms of observed and unobserved characteristics. We find large learning gains measured in terms of improvements in the exam scores, especially among less advantaged students.
摘要：在本文中，我们给出了一些证据证明重复参加竞争性考试也许会减弱背景劣势对教育产出的影响。通过使用土耳其大学入学考试的管理数据，我们控制了选择补考可观察到的和不可观察到的特点，估测了第一次与第n次尝试间累计的学习成果。我们发现被测的大的学习成果都是考试分数的提升，这在不具有优势的学生中尤其显著。
数据来源：Administrative data on a random sample of about 115,000 ¨OSS applicants
研究方法：计量回归
Conclusion: Most people would agree that leveling the playing field in the educational arena is desirable. In different settings, different approaches are taken with this objective in mind: minority preferences, quotas, remedial classes, scholarships, and so on. Preferential policies may however create their own difficulties if admitted students fall further behind. Our work suggests that giving second chances, without lowering standards, in an exam-based system may offer a way to help the disadvantaged as they seem to learn more over attempts.
结论：大多数人应该会赞成“在教育领域中测试才是令人满意的”。但在不同的情境下，对这个主题可以有不同的解读视角：少数偏好、配额、辅导班、奖学金，凡此种种。如果录取的学生被落下很远，优惠政策也许也不能有很大的效果。我们的研究说明了：鉴于弱势群体可以通过不断尝试学到更多，给予第二次机会，而非降低标准，在一个基于考试的系统中也许能够提供帮助弱势群体的方法。
（By 潘一坤) |
